Installing MariaDB on a different filesystem.
In this article we are installing MariaDB on Red Hat and on a different location.
Software:
OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.10 (Ootpa)
DB: 11.6.2-MariaDB MariaDB ServerAnd we are installing MariaDB on /mariadb
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 890M 0 890M 0% /dev
tmpfs 909M 0 909M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 909M 20M 889M 3% /run
tmpfs 909M 0 909M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 29G 4.8G 25G 17% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 252M 763M 25% /boot
/dev/sdb 9.8G 1.3G 8.0G 14% /mariadb
/dev/sdd 4.9G 20M 4.6G 1% /mariadb_bck
/dev/sdc 4.9G 20M 4.6G 1% /mariadb_log
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0Download software
wget https://dlm.mariadb.com/3971341/MariaDB/mariadb-11.6.2/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-11.6.2-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz
Untar software
tar zxf mariadb-11.6.2-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz
Create mysql user (no login, no home directory)
useradd mysql -M --shell '/sbin/nologin'
Move the installation folder to /mariadb (different filesystem)
[[email protected] ~]# mv mariadb-11.6.2-linux-systemd-x86_64 /mariadb
Change directory to /mariadb
[[email protected] ~]# cd /mariadb
[[email protected] mariadb]# ls -lrt
total 20
drwxrwxr-x. 12 1002 1002 4096 Nov 12 16:51 mariadb-11.6.2-linux-systemd-x86_64
Rename folder to basedir
[[email protected] mariadb]# mv mariadb-11.6.2-linux-systemd-x86_64 basedir
Create additional folders.
[[email protected] mariadb]# mkdir datadir errorlog config process tmpdir
[[email protected] mariadb]# ls -lrt
total 32
drwxrwxr-x. 12 1002 1002 4096 Nov 12 16:51 basedir
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jan 8 22:57 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 09:43 datadir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 09:43 errorlog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 09:43 config
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 09:43 process
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 09:43 tmpdir
Modify privileges
cd /
sudo chown mysql:mysql -R mariadb
[[email protected] /]# cd /mariadb
[[email protected] mariadb]# ls -lrt
total 40
drwxrwxr-x. 12 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 12 16:51 basedir
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 16384 Jan 8 22:57 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 datadir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 errorlog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 config
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 tmpdir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 process
Create symbolic link
cd /mariadb
ln -s /mariadb/basedir/bin/mariadb mariadb
[[email protected] mariadb]# ls -lrt
total 32
drwxrwxr-x. 12 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 12 16:51 basedir
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 16384 Jan 8 22:57 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 datadir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 errorlog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 config
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 tmpdir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 9 09:27 process
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Jan 9 09:28 mariadb -> /mariadb/basedir/bin/mariadb
Installing MariaDB as root
cd /mariadb/basedir/scripts
./mariadb-install-db --user=mysql --basedir=/mariadb/basedir --datadir=/mariadb/datadir --verbose
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mariadb/datadir' ...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] Starting MariaDB 11.6.2-MariaDB source revision d8dad8c3b54cd09fefce7bc3b9749f427eed9709 server_uid Zohdhf6Eu0IDEyATQuPOgRSt/GQ= as process 87181
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: The first data file './ibdata1' did not exist. A new tablespace will be created!
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.3.1
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of transaction pools: 1
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using SSE4.2 crc32 instructions
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128.000MiB, chunk size = 2.000MiB
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibdata1' size to 12.000MiB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibdata1' size is now 12.000MiB.
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: File system buffers for log disabled (block size=512 bytes)
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Data file .//undo001 did not exist: new to be created
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file .//undo001 size to 10.000MiB
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Data file .//undo002 did not exist: new to be created
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file .//undo002 size to 10.000MiB
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Data file .//undo003 did not exist: new to be created
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file .//undo003 size to 10.000MiB
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Opened 3 undo tablespaces
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segments in 3 undo tablespaces are active.
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12.000MiB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12.000MiB.
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 0; transaction id 3
2025-01-09 9:53:06 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled.
OK
To start mariadbd at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mariadb.service to the right place for your system
Two all-privilege accounts were created.
One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to
be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql
The second is mysql@localhost, it has no password either, but
you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.
After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be
able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudo
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kb
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/mariadb/basedir' ; /mariadb/basedir/bin/mariadbd-safe --datadir='/mariadb/datadir'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mariadb-test-run.pl
cd '/mariadb/basedir/mariadb-test' ; perl mariadb-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at https://mariadb.org/.
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
[[email protected] scripts]#
Copy mariadb.service
cd /mariadb/basedir/
cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service
MariaDB configuration file
vi /mariadb/config/mariadb.cnf
and copy the following
[mariadbd]
user = mysql
datadir = /mariadb/datadir/
basedir = /mariadb/basedir/
log_error = /mariadb/errorlog/mariadb.err
tmpdir = /mariadb/tmpdir
pid-file = /mariadb/process/mariadbd.pid
Starting MariaDB (as a test).
cd /mariadb/basedir/bin
./mariadbd --defaults-file=/mariadb/config/mariadb.cnf
On another session
[[email protected] mariadb]# pwd
/mariadb
[[email protected] mariadb]# ./mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 11.6.2-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%dir' ;
+---------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------+----------------------------------+
| aria_sync_log_dir | NEWFILE |
| basedir | /mariadb/basedir/ |
| character_sets_dir | /mariadb/basedir/share/charsets/ |
| datadir | /mariadb/datadir/ |
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ |
| innodb_tmpdir | |
| lc_messages_dir | |
| plugin_dir | /mariadb/basedir/lib/plugin/ |
| slave_load_tmpdir | /tmp |
| tmpdir | /tmp |
| wsrep_data_home_dir | /mariadb/datadir/ |
+---------------------------+----------------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.003 sec)
[[email protected] mariadb]# cat /mariadb/errorlog/mariadb.err
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] Starting MariaDB 11.6.2-MariaDB source revision d8dad8c3b54cd09fefce7bc3b9749f427eed9709 server_uid Zohdhf6Eu0IDEyATQuPOgRSt/GQ= as process 87218
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.3.1
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of transaction pools: 1
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using SSE4.2 crc32 instructions
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128.000MiB, chunk size = 2.000MiB
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: File system buffers for log disabled (block size=512 bytes)
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: End of log at LSN=47733
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Opened 3 undo tablespaces
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segments in 3 undo tablespaces are active.
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12.000MiB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12.000MiB.
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 47733; transaction id 14
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled.
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /mariadb/datadir/ib_buffer_pool
2025-01-09 10:02:24 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 250109 10:02:24
2025-01-09 10:02:27 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
2025-01-09 10:02:27 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2025-01-09 10:02:27 0 [Note] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2025-01-09 10:02:27 0 [Note] ./mariadbd: ready for connections.
Version: '11.6.2-MariaDB' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB Server
[[email protected] mariadb]#
Copy mariadbd to sbin
cp /mariadb/basedir/bin/mariadbd /usr/sbin/mariadbd
Now let's try using systemd
mkdir /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/
vi /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/mariadb.conf
and copy the following
[Unit]
Description=MariaDB Community Server
After=network.target
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mariadbd \
--defaults-file=/mariadb/config/mariadb.cnf
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Execute reload, start, status and enable.
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl status mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
Let's test again
export PATH=$PATH:/mariadb/basedir/bin/
[[email protected] mariadb.service.d]# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 11.6.2-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%dir%' ;
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| aria_log_dir_path | /mariadb/datadir/ |
| aria_sync_log_dir | NEWFILE |
| basedir | /mariadb/basedir/ |
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF |
| character_sets_dir | /mariadb/basedir/share/charsets/ |
| datadir | /mariadb/datadir/ |
| ignore_db_dirs | |
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 90.000000 |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm | 0.000000 |
| innodb_tmpdir | |
| innodb_undo_directory | ./ |
| lc_messages_dir | |
| plugin_dir | /mariadb/basedir/lib/plugin/ |
| redirect_url | |
| slave_load_tmpdir | /mariadb/tmp |
| tmpdir | /mariadb/tmp |
| wsrep_data_home_dir | /mariadb/datadir/ |
| wsrep_dirty_reads | OFF |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.004 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
References
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysql_install_db/
https://mariadb.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/MariaDBServerKnowledgeBase.pdf
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17005654/error-while-loading-shared-libraries-libncurses-so-5
https://serverfault.com/questions/1024958/systemd-service-not-starting-failed-at-step-exec-spawning-permission-denied
